Foliar‐applied Silicon and its Nanoparticles Stimulate Physio‐chemical Changes to Improve Growth, Yield and Active Constituents of Coriander (Coriandrum Sativum L.) Essential Oil Under Different Irrigation Regimes

Silicon (Si) plays beneficial role in alleviating biotic and abiotic stresses but comparative investigations with Si nanoparticles (Si-NPs) under water restriction on medicinal plants is not recognized. The aim of this study was to observe the Si-NPs effects growth, physio-chemical attributes, essential oil (EO) profile aerial parts coriander (coriandrum sativum L.) stress. A split-plot experiment conducted irrigation regimes (irrigation after 60, 90, 120 mm evaporation from Class pan) main plots foliar application (in form Na2SiO3) subplots during 2019 2020. results represented drought particularly severe stress decreased biological yield relative content (RWC) increased total soluble sugar (TSS). Both improved plant growth through RWC, TSS, phenolic (TPC) flavonoid (TFC). Moderate highly effective TPC, TFC, EO percentage yield. constitutes were n-Decanal (20.8–27.6 %), 2E-Dodecanal (13.3–16.7 2E-Decanal (13.9–18.7 2E-Tridecen-1-al (7.3–10.5 Dodecanal (7.2–10.6 n-Nonane (4.3–8.7 %). Heat map analysis (HMA) showed significantly distinguished control treatment, which mainly explained by TFC. Foliar-applied rapidly practice reach optimum antioxidant capacity when experience moderate